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Results and data

Results for Austria

Biodegradable municipal waste

The 2016 target of the Landfill Directive to divert BMW away from landfills has already been met in 2001.

• Time series data for BMW generation in Austria, containing following fractions is available:
• Share of BMW in residual and bulky waste
• Biowaste from households and municipalities (parks and grass verges)
• Textile waste
• Market waste
• Canteen waste
• Cemetery waste

Construction and demolition waste

According the National Waste Management Plan 2006, the recycling rate for C&D waste has increased from 15% in 1985 up to more than 70% in 2006.

• Time series for Construction and Demolition waste generation, containing following fractions:
• Waste from demolition of buildings
• Waste from demolition of roads
• Asbestos containing waste
• Concrete waste
• Construction waste

Waste prevention

The measures of the Austrian Waste Prevention and Recycling Strategy are still under development, so that no information on results are available.

Results for Belgium

Biodegradable municipal waste

Flemish region

The 2016 target of the Landfill Directive to divert BMW away from landfills has already been met.

Construction and demolition waste

BCR achieves a recycling rate of construction and demolition waste of 80%.

Flanders achieves a high degree of recovery of construction and demolition waste (over 85%, principally material reuse) and hereby the repressing of landfilling.

Table 1illustrates that the use of recyled granules coming from construction and demolition waste increases. These recycled granules replace primary surface quarrying and are used as construction sand, grit and others.

Waste prevention

Flemish region

Industrial waste Flanders

Results for Bulgaria

Biodegradable municipal waste

Construction and demolition waste

Waste prevention

Results for Croatia

Biodegradable municipal waste

Generation of municipal waste per capita in Croatia is increasing, and further significant increase is to be expected, due to anticipated development in the economy and tourism, increasing consumption and collection coverage.

Out of the total amount of municipal waste generated, still small amount is separately collected and sent to recovery. Data on the waste flows still confirms the reliance on landfilling of municipal waste.

Separate collection of municipal waste started to develop in Croatia in the second half of the eighties using containers (paper, glass, PET, tin cans) and recycling yards. Adoption of ordinances on specific waste streams (packaging, oils, batteries, ELVs, WEEE etc) already influence the increase of separately collected waste amounts and diversion of it from landfills. However, the system for further decreasing of biodegradable waste deposited on landfills is not fully operational yet.

Construction and demolition waste

The system is not fully operational yet.

Waste prevention

Information about the amount of fee collected or paid within the specific waste streams management schemes are available in the annual reports of the Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund (www.fzoeu.hr )

Results for Czech Republic

Biodegradable municipal waste

Construction and demolition waste

Waste prevention

Results for Estonia

Biodegradable municipal waste

Construction and demolition waste

Waste prevention

Results for Finland

Biodegradable municipal waste

Construction and demolition waste

Waste prevention

Results for Germany

Biodegradable municipal waste

The reduction of municipal solid waste going to landfill to nearly zero and the increase of separate collection of biowaste and other waste streams (Paper and cardboard, glass, metals and plastics) for recycling is shown by the figure. MSW which can not be recycled has to be either incinerated or mechanical-biological treated.

development of municipal waste management in Germany

Construction and demolition waste

Waste prevention

Results for Ireland

Biodegradable municipal waste

Diversion of biodegradable municipal waste from landfill did not progress well up to 2007 (see the table). However, in 2008, the roll-out of brown bins (for household organic – food and garden – waste) accelerated and this has continued in 2009. In 2009, a regulation requiring the segregation and separation collection of food waste from commercial premises will be introduced. Landfill licences will be reviewed to ensure that the landfills will not accept more biodegradable municipal waste than is allowable under the Landfill Directive’s diversion targets. A monitoring programme for the first target year, 2010, will be developed in 2009 to allow all waste operators to closely track their own and national progress in the landfilling of biodegradable municipal waste.

Targets for Municipal waste diversion from landfill (per directive 1999/31/EC)

(Source: National Waste Report 2007 – this and annual reports back to 2001 at http://www.epa.ie/downloads/pubs/waste/stats/)

Construction and demolition waste

Excluding soil and stones, the remainder of construction and demolition waste consists of material such as concrete and rubble, wood, glass, metal and plastic. Table 21 shows that the reported recovery of general construction and demolition waste increased from 1,051,647 tonnes in 2006 to 1,861,441 tonnes in 2007. The reported recovery rate also increased substantially from 36% in 2006 to 44% in 2007.

Waste prevention

Results for Italy

Biodegradable municipal waste

In 2006 the total production of MW in Italy reached 32,5 million tonnes.

Recently there has been a gradual increase in separate collection of municipal waste. In 2006, the national percentage is about 25,8%, as shown in the following table.

Source: ISPRA

Northern regions reach a percentage near to 40%, achieving one year ahead the target set by law.

The percentages of separate collection reached in central and southern regions are quite lower (20% and 10,2% respectively).

Data on the management of municipal waste shown a gradual reduction in the landfilling of waste, alongside and increase of the other options (e.g composting of biowaste from separate collection, mechanical biological treatment, incineration, etc.).

During the last period, as shown in the following figure, landfilling has decreased from about 60% in  2002 to 49% in 2005.

Note: *”other forms of material recovery” includes slags from incineration of municipal waste recovered in cements kilns and some fractions from separate collection which are sent to recovery (minus the discard from selection facilities): packaging waste, textiles and bulky waste.

Source: ISPRA

In 2006 the per capita amount of municipal biowaste (kitchen waste + green waste) sent to composting plants for selected fractions has reached, at national level, 38.2 kg/inhabitant per year.

The situation is quite diversified among the different parts of the country reflecting a strong difference between North and South (see the following table).

Source: ISPRA

http://cdr.eionet.europa.eu/it/eea/wastepolicies/envsbu4tg/italy_diag_2.JPG

Construction and demolition waste

Data on the production of non-hazardous C&D waste is estimated by ISPRA. Data on the production of hazardous C&D waste come from annual declarations of producers (MUD).

The table below shows the total C&D waste production in 2005, while the trend for production of non hazardous C&D waste for the years 2000-2005, is shown in the figure.

More detailed informations are available on Rapporto Rifiuti published by ISPRA

Note: *estimated data

Source: ISPRA

Production of non-hazardous C&D waste during the period 2000-2005

Note: estimated data

Source: ISPRA

Waste prevention

Results of prevention policies in place can not currently be quantified. Indeed, the measures have been implemented fairly recently, which means comprehensive impact assessment are impossible. Certain provisions are yet to be put into practice.

For instance, the introduction of home composting should reduce the total amount of biowaste produced by households. Similarly, a reduction of total municipal waste production is expected following the introduction of the door-to-door collection. All these practices are quite recent and are not equally implemented throughout the entire territory. Furthermore, they typically take place at regional level, co their effectiveness should be evaluated at regional level.

More consistent results should be expected in the coming years, when it will be possible to assess, more effectively, the impact of current prevention measures. However, these evaluations are not easy undertakings, as they require the analysis of each specific context.

Some data related to the implementation of prevention measures provided by the legislation are available for the reuse of packaging. Coherently to EU directives, Decree 152/2006 promotes the production of reusable packaging and their correct use. Some data about reuse of packaging are reported in the following table. These data refer to year 2006.

Results for Latvia

Biodegradable municipal waste

Increase of waste composting amounts in special composting facilities.

Construction and demolition waste

Waste prevention

Information not estimated

Results for Netherlands

Biodegradable municipal waste

Construction and demolition waste

Waste prevention

Results for Norway

Biodegradable municipal waste

Please, see 5.4.2.

Construction and demolition waste

SFT, County Governors and municipalities are organising campaigns to control the CD-industry to see whether they follow up the new regulations.

Results for Poland

Construction and demolition waste

Waste from construction and demolition works undergo recovery and disposal processes in installations and by other means, for instance, for levelling the ground, reclamation of post-excavation pits (total about 1.2 million Mg), and also disposal processes (about 0.3 million Mg).

Results for Romania

Biodegradable municipal waste

Construction and demolition waste

No results for C&D waste for the moment.

Waste prevention

The measures are still under development, so no results are available for the moment.

Results for Slovakia

Biodegradable municipal waste

The key fractions of biodegradable municipal waste include:

1. Kitchen waste
2. Garden waste
3. Paper and card
4. Textiles (of natural origin)
5. Nappies
6. Wood

In Slovakia, ‘kitchen waste’ and ‘garden waste’ account for close to 40% of MSW. The biodegradable fraction of MSW (also including textiles and nappies, paper and paperboard) is around 65% -70%.

Construction and demolition waste

Waste prevention

Results for Slovenia

Biodegradable municipal waste

The system is not fully operated yet. No results.

Construction and demolition waste

Recovery rate for C&D waste has increased.

The quantity of collected waste material content asbestos has risen.

More information could be found in indicator for C&D waste: http://kazalci.arso.gov.si/kazalci/index_htmlωlang=1&Kaz_id=108&Kaz_naziv=Gradbeni%20odpadki&Sku_id=5&Sku_naziv=ODPADKI%20IN%20SNOVNI%20TOK&tip_kaz=1#KAZALEC_TOP

Waste prevention

Results for Sweden

Biodegradable municipal waste

Construction and demolition waste

Waste prevention

For the past decades Swedish waste management has focused on improving the treatment technologies and on reducing the amount of waste going to landfill. These are both positive developments from an environmental perspective.  Although the treatment of the waste has improved, the quantity of municipal solid waste grows, in average by approximately 2% per year.

 The quantities of industrial waste are much larger, but it is difficult to investigate how they change over time.

 The total quantity of Swedish waste is uncertain and depends on the method for defining and recording the waste. The quantity of municipal solid waste  grows steadily, however.

Results for Switzerland

Biodegradable municipal waste

Construction and demolition waste

The overall results of the waste policy of the last 20 years are broadly positive. Swiss waste management can today be described as a well-oiled global system, from which the environmental emissions are only a fraction of what they were in the middle of the 1980s, with a recycling rate of 50% for municipal waste. The building of environmentally sound treatment capacities combined with the implementation of the polluter-pays principle lead quite surely to a less important increase of the amounts of waste.

Waste prevention

Results for Turkey

Biodegradable municipal waste

No result available

Construction and demolition waste

No available results and data

Waste prevention

According to the indicators of EUROSTAT on Turkey,

Municipal Waste (1996-2007) kg per person a year in Turkey was:

Municipal Waste Landfilled (kg per capita)

Municipal Waste Incinerated (kg per capita)

ÇEVKO has undertaken the recycling responsibility of 780 businesses and managed to recycled 413,500 tons of paper/carton, plastic, metal, glass and compost materials. ÇEVKO also works in cooperation with 104 municipalities; and it has been reported that within the scope of this cooperation, around 5,180,000 people from 1,473,407 households and work places, manage to collect their waste separately and dispatch them to recycling facilities.

Table 5 Municipalities in which Implementations of Separate Collection at Source is Carried Out